WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.089 --> 00:00:04.770 Hello and welcome to Scribble Kibble, a show about animation where each episode features 00:00:04.770 --> 00:00:08.830 a neat cartoon you can watch by clicking the link in the description. 00:00:08.830 --> 00:00:13.250 And then I use that cartoon as an example to talk about how animation works. 00:00:13.250 --> 00:00:19.690 Today’s animation to watch is Delta, a C2C music video created by nine animators at France-based 00:00:19.690 --> 00:00:25.029 studio CRCR. 00:00:25.029 --> 00:00:29.880 Lately I’ve been obsessed with lighting, so this animation is great because it uses 00:00:29.880 --> 00:00:31.960 a lot of moving shadows. 00:00:31.960 --> 00:00:36.890 The problem with lighting is it’s so complicated there are artists who build entire careers 00:00:36.890 --> 00:00:38.870 out of their ability to handle light. 00:00:38.870 --> 00:00:43.320 Even though I know next to nothing compared to them, I still could spend episodes talking 00:00:43.320 --> 00:00:47.350 about light, so let me pick just one thing to focus on. 00:00:47.350 --> 00:00:48.350 Shadows. 00:00:48.350 --> 00:00:50.110 Um, crud. 00:00:50.110 --> 00:00:51.810 That’s still too complicated. 00:00:51.810 --> 00:00:54.879 Let me just… get rid of some of this. 00:00:54.879 --> 00:00:55.879 Great. 00:00:55.879 --> 00:01:00.329 There are two main types of shadows: form shadows and cast shadows. 00:01:00.329 --> 00:01:05.619 The form shadow is what defines the 3D shape of an object. 00:01:05.619 --> 00:01:10.380 Form shadows are shadows on the object because of the shape of the object itself, like the 00:01:10.380 --> 00:01:15.389 shadows over deep set eyes, gaunt cheekbones, ear holes, neck shapes. 00:01:15.389 --> 00:01:18.290 Cast shadows are shadows that come off of an object. 00:01:18.290 --> 00:01:20.909 I’ll add a cast shadow into this drawing. 00:01:20.909 --> 00:01:26.810 Now it looks like the king is no longer sitting with his back touching the chair. 00:01:26.810 --> 00:01:30.719 Cast shadow is easy to remember because we say the phrase “casts a shadow’ in every 00:01:30.719 --> 00:01:31.719 day life. 00:01:31.719 --> 00:01:34.719 This statue is casting a shadow on the ground. 00:01:34.719 --> 00:01:36.380 Cast shadow. 00:01:36.380 --> 00:01:38.109 Form shadow. 00:01:38.109 --> 00:01:43.420 Looking at Delta, many of the critical points in the animation are defined by cast shadows. 00:01:43.420 --> 00:01:45.829 The shadow of the pyramid as it floats over the land. 00:01:45.829 --> 00:01:48.869 The shadow of the king as he sets off to face the pyramid. 00:01:48.869 --> 00:01:52.359 The parting shadows of the doors as they open to the world. 00:01:52.359 --> 00:01:57.130 Meanwhile, form shadows give definition to characters so they don’t look flat. 00:01:57.130 --> 00:02:00.329 The easiest place to spot them is on people’s faces. 00:02:00.329 --> 00:02:05.460 The more form shadows there are and the more carefully sculpted they are, the more severe 00:02:05.460 --> 00:02:07.439 facial expressions look as a result. 00:02:07.439 --> 00:02:10.330 (zoom of king’s face) Darker shadows increase drama. 00:02:10.330 --> 00:02:12.540 Lighter shadows are more subtle. 00:02:12.540 --> 00:02:16.930 You can manipulate the shape of form shadows to really make things stand out. 00:02:16.930 --> 00:02:20.980 The form shadow on the side view of the king is straight, but if you wanted him to seem 00:02:20.980 --> 00:02:27.180 like a super beefy body builder, you would change the shadows to curve along the muscles. 00:02:27.180 --> 00:02:31.310 Cast shadows can be just as effective for defining the shape of the environment. 00:02:31.310 --> 00:02:36.320 Look at the difference between a straight cast shadow, and one that is properly animated. 00:02:36.320 --> 00:02:42.469 A straight shadow looks fake because it isn’t behaving the way a real shadow would. 00:02:42.469 --> 00:02:48.510 The pyramid is all straight lines so its shadow on a flat surface is a simple triangle. 00:02:48.510 --> 00:02:53.600 But if the surface isn’t flat, the shadow hits obstructions either before or after the 00:02:53.600 --> 00:02:58.620 ground, depending on the position of the light source and how big the non-flat thing is. 00:02:58.620 --> 00:03:03.659 A cast shadow breaks when it goes over anything other than a flat surface. 00:03:03.659 --> 00:03:07.329 The bigger the obstacle, the bigger the break will be. 00:03:07.329 --> 00:03:21.620 Cast shadows pay attention to 3D shapes as much as form shadows do. 00:03:21.620 --> 00:03:25.079 What I like about Delta is that the shadows are drawn by hand. 00:03:25.079 --> 00:03:28.090 In animation there are ways to cheat shadows with special effects. 00:03:28.090 --> 00:03:33.069 A cheat shadow looks better than no shadow, but a carefully animated shadow looks the 00:03:33.069 --> 00:03:34.069 best. 00:03:34.069 --> 00:03:39.280 The reason for this is because only the artist knows what the 3D dimensions are on a 2D piece 00:03:39.280 --> 00:03:40.280 of art. 00:03:40.280 --> 00:03:42.700 The artist can create an illusion of reality. 00:03:42.700 --> 00:03:48.849 A computer can only generate realistic shadows if it is working on a 3D animation. 00:03:48.849 --> 00:03:54.189 Just like the sun can only generate realistic shadows in a 3D world. 00:03:54.189 --> 00:03:55.430 Come on. 00:03:55.430 --> 00:03:56.430 Put the shadows in. 00:03:56.430 --> 00:04:01.569 Do it. 00:04:01.569 --> 00:04:06.859 Do it! 00:04:06.859 --> 00:04:17.440 Why aren’t you working?! 00:04:17.440 --> 00:04:22.720 Stupid sun.